DIPLOMATIC PRACTICE AND INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATION

Pedro Calvo-Sotelo
Ambassador of Spain

T.1. SOCIAL GROUPS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

- From isolation to integration: the passage from absolute separation to eventual cohabitation and integration
- Presence of Diplomacy in these processes Social groups in a globalised world
- Negotiation in International Relations, diplomacy and negotiation

T.2. CONCEPT AND ELEMENTS OF THE NEGOTIATION

- Its use in history, its universality, its technical rules
- Reflections on diplomatic practice in negotiation
- Language and diplomatic "language

T.3. THE COMPLEX FIGURE OF THE NEGOTIATOR

- Its natural and acquired conditions
- Your role in negotiation
- The negotiator in the face of the clash of cultures

T.4. DIPLOMATIC SECRECY

- Collective, professional, state secret
- Scope and timing
- Secret diplomacy
- Discretion in diplomacy
- The vulnerability of the media in diplomatic communication
- The Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and Consular Relations (1961 and 1963)
- The Spanish Criminal Code
- Diplomacy in the public square?

T.5. PREVIOUS ELEMENTS OF A NEGOTIATION

- The Conference as an area of negotiation
- Invitations. Appointment of the negotiator and the delegation
- Plenipotency. Signature and ratification of the Treaties
- Negotiating positions; instructions, their interpretation
- Coordination problems and the responsibility of the negotiator. Case studies

T.6. DIAGNOSIS OF A NEGOTIATION

- The essential knowledge of the problems under discussion; their maturity
- Feasibility or unfeasibility of negotiation
- Case studies of a diagnosis: Spain's march towards Europe and the negotiation of Spain's accession to the European Communities (1945 - 1977)

T.7. THE PRE-NEGOTIATION

- Your terms and characters
- A practical case: the Negotiation of Spain to the European Communities (1977 - 1979)

T.8. THE NEGOTIATION

- Bilateral negotiations
- Traditional model of negotiation
- Points of resistance and space for negotiation
- The best possible choice
- Bilateral confrontation negotiations (Distributive bargaining)
- Tactics and your choice

T.9. BILATERAL COOPERATION NEGOTIATIONS

- Treatment of conflicts without apparent space for negotiation
- Methods to achieve a creative formula

T.10. THE INTERVENTION OF THIRD PARTIES IN THE NEGOTIATION

- Diplomatic means (mediation, good offices, international commissions of enquiry, conciliation)
- Legal means (arbitration, court decision)

T.11. THE MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS

- Its complexity
- Goal setting, preferences, negotiating space, decisions and consensus
- Simplification of negotiations, coalitions

T.12. THE MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS (II)

- Groups and alliances
- Group dynamics in multilateral negotiations

T.13. REFLECTIONS ON THE ACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS FOR SPAIN'S ENTRY INTO THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (1979-1985)

T.14. OTHER CASE STUDIES OF INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS

- The bilateral fisheries negotiations between Spain and Morocco
- Multilateral fisheries negotiations between Spain and the European Communities (European Union)